Showing posts with label information. Show all posts
Showing posts with label information. Show all posts
Information on nutrients
Tuesday, May 13, 2014
Information on nutrients
Nutrients are organic compounds and minerals essential for living organisms to ensure their growth and operations. Among the nutrients, there are two main groups: macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrimentssont the major components of our diet, it is the carbohydrates (sugars), proteins (proteins) and lipids (fats). Micronutrients are in turn composed of vitamins and minerals. Here is the complete ABC nutrients for use by practitioners of bodybuilding.
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates also called carbohydrates are simple or complex molecules with a sweet or not. Carbohydrates are a source of energy in our body and it is the essential fuel of the brain. It is in the family of carbohydrates: simple carbohydrates (sugar formerly fast) and complex carbohydrates (slow sugars).
Simple carbohydrates are those who have a sweet taste. They are found in sweets, cakes, fruits ... These carbohydrates have the property to move quickly in the blood and increase blood glucose. To maintain a stable blood sugar, the body is then forced to produce insulin. This hormone helps to lower blood sugar by sugar enter the cells. When carbohydrates are consumed in excessive quantities, the body stores them as fat.
Complex carbohydrates do not have a sweet taste. They are present in potatoes, lentils, cereals ... Unlike simple carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates should undergo transformations to pass into the blood. These transformations can be realized slowly progressive and slow diffusion of carbohydrates without causing hyperglycemia.
As part of a balanced diet, carbohydrates should constitute 55-75% of the diet. For more information on carbohydrates, sugars read our special folders.
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What are proteins?
They are more or less complex molecules made of amino acids. Proteins have multiple functions, they serve as material of construction, cataboliseur (enzymes), messenger (hormone) ... Proteins found in meat, fish, dairy products ....
Protein should be 10-15% of the diet and should be varied source (animal, plant) in order to provide the body with all the amino acids. For more information, read our special proteins.
What are lipids?
These are the fats that we use mainly energy reserve. Lipids are also present in the cell members and is also used for the manufacture of hormones. There are several types of fat.
Lipids must be 15 to 20% of the diet. More information in our special grease.
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Vitamins
These are chemicals that are involved in chemical reactions in the body. Vitamins are classified into two categories: water-soluble vitamins (soluble in water) and fat-soluble vitamins (fat soluble). Hydrosoluble or liposoluble vitamins, they all have in common:
They provide no calories.
They can not be manufactured by our body (except vitamin D, K and B3).
Their deficiency causes diseases and their causes excessive disruptions body functions.
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Guide Vitamins
Vegetable provitamin A (carotenoids)
Precursor of vitamin A, there is no risk of overdose because the body converts into vitamin A according to its needs. This vitamin is a powerful antioxidant, it has a protective role against certain cancers such as skin cancer, lung cancer and bladder. It also has an anti-aging. Found provitamin A in fruits and vegetables orange, red carrot, melon, mango, apricot ...
Animal vitamin A (retinol)
This vitamin plays a role in vision: it allows us to see in the dark with a specific action on the retina (hence its name retinol). This vitamin is involved in the immune response, wound healing and helps regulate the sebaceous glands and sweat glands. Found vitamin A in butter, milk, egg yolk, liver ...
B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B8, B9, B12)
B group vitamins increase metabolism, protect the skin and muscles, improve immune function and nerve. We find B vitamins in meat, liver, fish and milk.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
This vitamin also known as vitamin "Fatigue" is an antioxidant that protects against free radicals. This vitamin is essential to strengthen the muscles, blood vessels, bones, cartilage, ligaments but also the gums and teeth. This vitamin also stimulates the immune system and protects against infections, prevents cancer and reduces cholesterol. Kiwi, berries, tomatoes, peppers and citrus fruits are the main sources of vitamin C.
Vitamin D (calciferol)
Is vitamin bones. It allows the binding of calcium to the bones. This vitamin can be produced by the body is known as the sunshine vitamin: it is produced when the skin is subjected to ultraviolet light. Another little known role of vitamin D is to regulate the heart rhythm. Another feature of this vitamin is to be stored in the body (liver, muscle, and fat). This allows the body to have no deficiency with sufficient exposure during the summer. Found mostly in vitamin D, egg yolk, cod liver, cheese ...
Vitamin E (tocopherols, tocotrienols)
This vitamin has a three times higher antioxidant power of vitamin C. It protects against harmful free radicals, pollution and thus prevents aging. Vitamin E is also very useful for the heart because it prevents blood clots and thus reduces the risk of phlebitis. In addition to these previous virtues, it reduces fatigue, prevents impotence and enhances fertility. You can find vitamin E in vegetable oils, germ of cereals, soy, egg yolk ...
Vitamin K
This vitamin is antihemorrhagic: it is essential to the process of blood clotting. Vitamin K is found in leafy vegetables, dairy products and vegetable oils.
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Minerals
These are elements from rocks, which enter into the composition of organisms that are present in animal feed and plant ionic form (anions or cations). Here is a list of major minerals and their characteristics:
Calcium (Ca)
It is certain that the female population, calcium is essential for maintaining normal bone density, which is calcium carbonate a good dietary supplement. The role of calcium in muscle contraction and nerve conduction is also critical to the health and development.
Chromium (Cr)
This element is an important constituent of certain enzymes and maintain a role in glucose metabolism. This is the mineral diabetes.
Selenium (Se)
This is the anti-cancer mineral. Selenium is an antioxidant that functions in conjunction with vitamin E.
Magnesium (Mg)
This mineral is important for energy metabolism and the functioning of the heart and nerves.
Iron (Fe)
This is the mineral anti-anemia. Iron deficiency is generally not a problem for most of us who eat meat, but many athletes especially vegetarians should take iron supplement. Iron plays a role in determining the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen; anything that can interfere with the ability to carry oxygen is obviously detrimental to the trainability.
Zinc (Zn)
Zinc plays an important role in regulating testosterone levels by increasing the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone. It can also help decrease the elimination of testosterone by the liver and reduce the conversion into dihydrotestosterone.
Other minerals
Copper (Cu): the inorganic anti-infection
Fluorine (F): mineral anti-caries
Iodine (I): the mineral anti-fatigue
Lithium (Li): mineral brain
Manganese (Mn): mineral allergy
Potassium (K): the mineral balance neuromuscular
Silicon (Si): the mineral body envelope
Sodium (Na): the mineral water
Sulfur (S): The mineral of bone and skin
How Does the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology ONC Think About EHR Portals
Sunday, April 20, 2014
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| EHR portals at work? |
While we wish that the results were more conclusive and positive, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) applauds the meta-analysis and the recent upswing in articles on patient portals and other patient-facing technologies. The number of patients and caregivers who desire greater participation and transparency in their healthcare makes continued research in this area vital. Yet, in a close read of the full Annals of Internal Medicine meta-analysis article and in many of the studies it cites, there were unquestionably statistically significant positive clinical outcomes, as well as positive patient experiences, associated with certain patient portal functions.
The ONC does not believe that Health IT alone is a panacea, or that meeting the form of Meaningful Use, while not embracing the new functions the technologies it enables, is likely to result in measurable improvements. The study authors caution that it was case management that tipped the utility of portals from unclear or small to more substantial, but it is important to note that the case management activities happened via the portal itself. This is a perfect example of Health IT as an enabler of new ways of reaching and caring for patients; we would not separate the two concepts.
To the study’s described limitations, we offer two significant additions. First, the definition of a patient portal remains loosely specified, so it is difficult to make conclusive statements about the entire category. The meta-analysis did attempt to list which functions were present for each study, but half of the studies that looked at patient outcomes gave only a partial description of portal features, and a deeper assessment of the quality of functions and their relevance to the outcomes measured was not present for any study.
A more illustrative future approach would be to evaluate individual functions of portals for impact on patient participation in their care and specific health outcomes, and then ask what design principles and organizational contexts were necessary to make that function successful. For example, the impressive OpenNotes project demonstrated that patients with access to provider notes had a better understanding of their health and condition, improved recall of their care plan, and increased likelihood of taking medications as prescribed. In a New England Journal of Medicine study on weight loss interventions, over twice the number of patients in the remote support intervention groups (telephone, website access, and e-mail support) lost more than 5% of their weight versus the control group. Secure messaging and the ability to view personal health information are two cornerstones of portal functionality within Meaningful Use.
Second, more than 10% of these studies are ten years old, and over a third were published five or more years ago. We understand the necessity of adequate numbers for meta-analyses, but statistical significance does not necessarily confer relevant insights. Technology, and patient perences and capabilities for using technology have fundamentally changed over the study time periods included, not to mention the maturation among health-care organizations themselves and the expectations of patients.
The very premise of the patient portal is a rapidly ageing one. As the ONC articulated in a 2013 Health Affairs article, there are shifting attitudes related to the traditional roles of patients and providers, and exploding demand and penetration of smartphones, health and wellness apps, and connected devices. We are moving the conversation from engaging people with our existing healthcare system through “portals”, to using technology to move outside our system to reach them every day where health truly happens. What we need to measure and incentivize in the future is not the value of portals, but the value of delivering the right information and intervention to the right person, at the right time, through the right interface based on an individual user’s context.
The Digitization of Health Information Why Primary Care Is At A Moneyball Moment
Sunday, March 23, 2014
In a yesterdays post, the Disease Management Care Blog used Edie Weiners video presentation on digitization and commoditization to launch into its own version of health care futurism. While it struggled with notions of "opportunity costs," it concluded that a) highly evolved patient data bases, b) biometric monitoring systems, c) artifical intelligence-based decision support and d) growing consumer acceptance of informatics will make the need for many traditional outpatient visits obsolete.Thanks to inspiration from the movie Moneyball, the DMCB explains why. The movie chronicles the decision of the Oakland As General Manager (or "GM" played by Brad Pitt) to apply a more scientific approach to recruiting players. Eschewing the largely subjective evaluation process used by his veteran scouts, the GM decides to focus on a few key player statistics. As a result, he recruits players with high "on base" metrics and comparatively low salary demands. Success follows, and not only does he build a championship team, but he is offered a job with the legendary Red Sox. There is a telling scene filmed at Fenway Park in which the Sox owner salutes the new revolutionary approach to baseball by giving a small solilloquy on the merits of adapting or dying. Building a winning team is no longer a highly tailored and subjective approach to individual players, but data, information and insights.
Lesson learned.
The DMCB suggests outpatient primary care may be at a similar Moneyball moment. Patients can digitize and transport their health care information from afar and, thanks to decision support paired that can be managed by non-physicians or patients themselves, use a data driven approach to get the advice and treatment options they need without having to step into a doctors office.
What are the implications? The DMCB can think of seven. There are probably more:
1. While this isnt happening tomorrow, its a lot closer than most persons suspect. The DMCB thinks its a threat to all those 5 year business plans.
2. Primary care office visits remain the most vulnerable because, even with the support of government with extra payments and medical home support, a higher proportion of its common "bread and butter" acute and chronic medical issues are particularly amenable to digitalization.
3. Not all primary care office visits will go away. Patients needing a diagnosis that defies the usual algorithms will still need to be seen. That means doctors will need to ocus on being diagnosticians and caring for patients that fall outside the algorithms. Its the usual "treat and street" clinic visits for routine follow-up of common problems will decrease considerably.
4. This will erode not only primary care offices, but be an important hit to the business model of "urgent care" clinics. The architects of these clinics will be well advised to start building remote access capabilities.
5. Think that that special something that can only be achieved in a one-on-one relationship with a physician who really really knows you will be lost? Think again because its availability will still be a function of data, not doctors, chips not one-on-one care. That being said, there will still be a market for personalized physician attention: its called concierge practices.
6. Given the willingness of political opponents to quote from writings without accounting for context, the DMCB, thanks to its posts on the commoditization of health care, will never become President of the American Medical Association.
7. While most of the digitization-commoditization threatens the business model of primary care, dont think that physicians that offer invasive procedures or surgery are immune from what is going on. Patients are increasingly willing to transport themselves longer distances in exchange for value (across the state or, in the case of medical tourism, overseas), but a far more fascinating application of the digitization and easy transport of patient information is robotic telesurgery.
Image from Wikipedia
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